Superioridad: adjetivo corto + -er + than / more + adjetivo largo + than
Inferioridad: less + adjetivo + than / not as + adjetivo + as
Igualdad: as + adjetivo + as
Adjetivos cortos: 1 sílaba o 2 sílabas en -y | Adjetivos largos: 2 sílabas o más
La comparación permite comparar dos elementos destacando sus diferencias o similitudes. En inglés, existen tres tipos de comparativos: el comparativo de superioridad, inferioridad e igualdad.
Distinción entre adjetivos cortos y largos
Adjetivos cortos: compuestos de una sílaba (tall, big, fast) o de dos sílabas que terminan en -y (happy, easy, crazy)
Adjetivos largos: compuestos de dos sílabas o más (expensive, intelligent, beautiful)
1. Comparativo de superioridad
Con los adjetivos cortos
Estructura: Sujeto + verbo + adjetivo + -er + than + complemento
- tall → taller: She is taller than her brother.
- fast → faster: This car is faster than mine.
- old → older: My father is older than my mother.
Con los adjetivos largos
Estructura: Sujeto + verbo + more + adjetivo + than + complemento
- expensive: This phone is more expensive than that one.
- interesting: The book is more interesting than the film.
- beautiful: Paris is more beautiful than London.
Reglas ortográficas particulares
Adjetivos en -y: reemplazar -y por -ier
- easy → easier: English is easier than Chinese.
- happy → happier: He is happier than before.
Consonante final duplicada: para los adjetivos de una sílaba que terminan en consonante + vocal + consonante
- big → bigger: The elephant is bigger than the horse.
- fat → fatter: This cat is fatter than mine.
- sad → sadder: She was sadder than him.
2. Comparativo de inferioridad
Con «less… than»
Estructura: Sujeto + verbo + less + adjetivo + than + complemento
- This exercise is less difficult than the previous one.
- He is less tall than his sister.
- The red dress is less expensive than the blue one.
Con «not as… as»
Estructura: Sujeto + verbo + not as + adjetivo + as + complemento
- This car is not as fast as the old one.
- Tom is not as intelligent as Mary.
- The weather is not as cold as yesterday.
3. Comparativo de igualdad
Estructura: Sujeto + verbo + as + adjetivo + as + complemento
- I am as tall as my mother.
- This book is as interesting as that one.
- She is as clever as her brother.
- My car is as fast as his.
Adjetivos irregulares
Algunos adjetivos no siguen las reglas habituales y tienen formas comparativas irregulares:
| Adjetivo | Comparativo | Ejemplo |
|---|---|---|
| good (bueno) | better (mejor) | This pizza is better than the other one. |
| bad (malo) | worse (peor) | The weather is worse than yesterday. |
| far (lejos) | farther / further (más lejos) | London is farther than Oxford. |
| little (poco) | less (menos) | I have less money than you. |
| much / many (mucho) | more (más) | She has more experience than him. |
Ejercicio práctico
Completa las frases con la forma comparativa apropiada del adjetivo entre paréntesis:
