When using adverbs in English there are a few points that you need to know and make sure you get right.
ADVERBS DESCRIBE HOW VERBS / ACTIONS ARE DONE
There are many types of adverbs In English, usually though, similar to how adjectives help us describe nouns (things such as people, animals, objects, places etc.), adverbs help us describe verbs (action words). They can tell us how, how often, where or when a verb is done.
For example:
Jane is a careful driver. [adjective]+ [noun] “careful” describes the person “Jane”
Jane drives carefully. [verb] +[adverb] “carefully” describes the action “drives”
FORM ADVERBS BY ADDING “-ly” TO ADJECTIVES
The most common way to form an adverb is by adding the ending “ly” to an adjective. There are some spelling rules to remember though: if the adjective ends in the letter “y,” it is replaced with the letter “i” and then “ly” is added. Additionally,adjectives ending in “le” also change the spelling, the final “e” is taken away and only “y” is added, while adjectives that have “ic” at the end usually add “ally” to make the adverb form.
Examples of forming and using adverbs in English :
Slow > slowly He works slowly.
Quick > quickly He works quickly.
Lazy > lazily He works lazily.
gentle > gently He works comfortably.
energetic > energetically He works energetically.
IRREGULAR ENGLISH ADVERBS CAN HAVE THE SAME FORM AS THEIR ADJECTIVES OR UNIQUE FORMS
Unfortunately, not all adverbs use “ly” at the end, there are a few adverbs that don’t follow the rules above. Some of these irregular adverbs don’t change form at all and look exactly the same as their original adjectives. Although this can seem a little confusing, try to remember that adjectives describe something while adverbs describe how you do something. Other adverbs are completely irregular with unique forms that you must memorise.
For example:
She is a fast runner / She runs fast
The test was hard / He studied hard for the test
He is a good guitarist / He plays the guitar well
Using adverbs in English comparative and superlative forms
Like adjectives, we can also use adverbs to compare how different actions are done. When comparing two actions we use the comparative form of adverbs, when describing the top / best action of a group we use the superlative form of adverbs. To make regular comparative adverbs, simply add “more” before the usual adverb, and similarly, to make regular superlative adverbs add “most” in front of the adverb instead. On the other hand, for irregular adverbs, their forms can be the same as the original adjective or completely unique.
For example:
REGULAR
[adverb] [comparative] [superlative]
Loudly > more loudly > most loudly >The teacher asked me to speak more loudly.
Easily > more easily > most easily >The dog is the most easily trained pet.
IRREGULAR (same as adjective)
[adverb] [comparative] [superlative]
Hard harder hardest > Jon exercised harder than Tom.
Fast faster fastest > Mary ran the fastest.
IRREGULAR (unique)
[adverb] [comparative] [superlative]
badly worse worst > Dave sings the worst out of all of us.
well better best > Sophie dances better than Sarah.
Far Farther/further Farthest/ furthest > The red train travelled farthest.
Summary
To sum up, using adverbs can help us describe actions in more detail, regular adjectives end in “-ly” and are formed by adding this ending to the original adjective. Remember that irregular adverbs have unchanged or unique forms that don’t follow this rule and that, like adjectives, we can use adverbs to compare two or more actions together. Adverbs also appear very often in music too, check out these songs and see if you can spot the adverbs being used.
Fugees – Killing Me Softly
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dJvLE3jJq20
Jimmy Cliff – I Can See Clearly Now
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KSuB4t3q_dA
Savage Garden – Truly Madly Deeply
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WQnAxOQxQIU
This article was written by Break Into English’s blog contributor Ilaria Marazzina.
